![]() Related: browsers follow the CA/Browser Forum policies and not the IETF policies. If you don't do put DNS names in the SAN, then the certificate will fail to validate under a browser and other user agents which follow the CA/Browser Forum guidelines. So you can't avoid using the Subject Alternate Name. If you put a DNS name in the CN, then it must be included in the SAN under the CA/B policies. They also specify that DNS names in the CN are deprecated (but not prohibited). It's important to put DNS name in the SAN and not the CN, because both the IETF and the CA/Browser Forums specify the practice. Then there's an alternate_names section in the configuration file (you should tune this to suit your taste): The DNS names are placed in the SAN through the configuration file with the line subjectAltName = (there's no way to do it through the command line). They differ from other answers in one respect: the DNS names used for the self signed certificate are in the Subject Alternate Name (SAN), and not the Common Name (CN). #Openssl create csr how toThe commands below and the configuration file create a self-signed certificate (it also shows you how to create a signing request). How to create a self-signed certificate with OpenSSL See, for example, Proposal: Marking HTTP As Non-Secure. The W3C's WebAppSec Working Group is starting to look at the issue. For example, what is going to happen when you connect to your thermostat or refrigerator to program it? The answer is, nothing good as far as the user experience is concerned. The issue of browsers (and other similar user agents) not trusting self-signed certificates is going to be a big problem in the Internet of Things (IoT). But some browsers, like Android's default browser, do not let you do it. The next best way to avoid the browser warning is to trust the server's certificate. Steps 1 and 5 allows you to avoid the third-party authority, and act as your own authority (who better to trust than yourself?). Steps 2 - 4 are roughly what you do now for a public facing server when you enlist the services of a CA like Startcom or CAcert. Then, import your CA into the Trust Store used by the browser. To become your own certificate authority, see * How do you sign a certificate signing request with your certification authority? on Stack Overflow. That means the Subject and Issuer are the same entity, CA is set to true in Basic Constraints (it should also be marked as critical), key usage is keċertSign and crlSign (if you are using CRLs), and the Subject Key Identifier (SKI) is the same as the Authority Key Identifier (AKI). Step 1 - Create your own authority just means to create a self-signed certificate with CA: true and proper key usage. #Openssl create csr installInstall the CA certificate on the client.Install the server certificate on the server.Create a certificate signing request (CSR) for the server.Create your own authority (i.e., become a CA). ![]() A self-signed certificate does not chain back to a trusted anchor. This is because browsers use a predefined list of trust anchors to validate server certificates. The site's security certificate is not trusted! This is probably not the site you are looking for! It's easy to become your own authority, and it will sidestep all the trust issues (who better to trust than yourself?). But I would encourage you to become your own authority. In the absence of becoming your own authority, you have to get the DNS names right to give the certificate the greatest chance of success. So the complete solution is to become your own authority. In fact, you can't with some browsers, like Android's browser. Some browsers don't exactly make it easy to import a self-signed server certificate. And browsers are actively moving against self-signed server certificates. Modern browsers (like the warez we're using in 2014/2015) want a certificate that chains back to a trust anchor, and they want DNS names to be presented in particular ways in the certificate. The restrictions arise in two key areas: (1) trust anchors, and (2) DNS names. The requirements used by browsers are documented at the CA/Browser Forums (see references below). It's difficult because the browsers have their own set of requirements, and they are more restrictive than the IETF. It can be tricky to create one that can be consumed by the largest selection of clients, like browsers and command line tools. It's easy to create a self-signed certificate. Am I missing something? Is this the correct way to build a self-signed certificate? ![]()
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